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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Neurotrophic factors in multiple sclerosis.

Fabian Güner^1,2, Veit Rothhammer^1,2

¹Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology

|September 12, 2025

Summary

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) offer a promising therapeutic avenue for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by targeting central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurodegeneration. Exploring NTFs could lead to next-generation MS treatments addressing glial dysfunction and progressive neurodegeneration.

Keywords:

BDNF HB-EGF NGF astrocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation neurotrophic factor protective

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Neurobiology
Neuroinflammation

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves smoldering inflammation and neurodegeneration driven by glial dysfunction, a challenge for current therapies.
Existing disease-modifying therapies target peripheral immunity but fail to address central nervous system (CNS) pathology, leaving a therapeutic gap.
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are crucial for CNS development and maintenance, influencing glial cells and neuronal survival.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) in the context of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
To explore NTFs as potential next-generation therapies for MS, focusing on CNS-intrinsic mechanisms.
To discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with NTF-based therapeutic strategies in MS.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on NTFs and MS.
Analysis of NTF mechanisms in glial cell function, remyelination, and neuroprotection.
Synthesis of findings to propose NTFs as therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

NTFs promote anti-inflammatory and protective phenotypes in CNS-resident immune cells (microglia and astrocytes).
NTFs support remyelination by influencing oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
NTFs exert direct neuroprotective effects, counteracting neurodegeneration in MS.

Conclusions:

NTFs represent a novel therapeutic strategy for MS by targeting key CNS pathological processes.
Harnessing NTFs could address glial dysfunction and progressive neurodegeneration, unmet needs in current MS treatment.
Further research into NTFs offers potential for developing advanced disease-modifying therapies for MS.