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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

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Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Plasma Metabolites and Bladder Cancer: A Two-Step Mendelian

Kai Che1,2, Dong Qian3, Shuxia Cui4

  • 1Department of Urology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China.

Health Science Reports
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gut microbiota (GM) impacts bladder cancer (BCa) risk. Specific bacteria like Bacteroides dorei and Streptococcus species, and metabolites such as N-methylproline, show causal links, offering potential BCa treatment targets.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationbladder cancergut microbiotaplasma metabolites

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Genetics
  • Metabolomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gut microbiota (GM) has been linked to bladder cancer (BCa), but causal links and mediators remain unclear.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing novel BCa prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationships between GM and BCa.
  • To identify potential plasma metabolite mediators in the GM-BCa axis.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for BCa.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GM, plasma metabolites, and BCa.
  • Conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess causality.
  • Employed a two-step MR approach to identify mediating metabolites.

Main Results:

  • Identified causal associations between three gut taxa (Bacteroides dorei, Streptococcus species, Bacteroides salyersiae) and BCa.
  • Discovered five plasma metabolites simultaneously associated with BCa and the identified gut taxa.
  • Determined that N-methylproline and X-19299 mediate the association between Bacteroides salyersiae and BCa, explaining 11.6% and 28.56% of the effect, respectively.
  • Found that Bacteroides dorei, Streptococcus species, and Bacteroides salyersiae may influence BCa via 2,3-dihydroxypyridine, N-palmitoyl-sphinganine, and N-methylproline, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Established causal links between specific gut microbiota compositions and bladder cancer.
  • Identified key plasma metabolites that mediate the influence of gut bacteria on BCa.
  • Highlighted potential novel therapeutic targets for bladder cancer treatment based on gut microbiota and metabolite interactions.