Learning from volcanic eruptions: Co-production of knowledge at Merapi and Kelud, Indonesia

The increasing frequency and intensity of volcanic disasters present major challenges for rural communities, particularly in terms of recovery and the restoration of environmental conditions post-crisis. Despite extensive disaster management literature, gaps remain in understanding the social dynamics and historical experiences of rural populations affected by volcanic eruptions. This study investigates the role of co-production as a mitigation strategy to enhance community resilience and improve disaster response in volcano-prone rural areas. The research focuses on two rural villages in Indonesia: Pandansari, located on the slopes of Mount Kelud in Malang Regency, and Kemiren, situated on the slopes of Mount Merapi in Magelang Regency. A qualitative research paradigm was employed, using a life history approach to collect in-depth narratives from community members. Sixteen participants were purposively selected across both villages. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, followed by thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes. Findings indicate that local knowledge systems play a critical role in shaping community behaviours and responses to volcanic disasters. These systems enable communities to mobilise public goods and restore livelihoods in ways that reflect pre-disaster norms and conditions. Integrating co-production strategies into disaster management practices can significantly improve community resilience and the effectiveness of response mechanisms.

This study advances the understanding of how historical context and local knowledge inform disaster responses in rural settings, offering practical implications for participatory and community-based disaster risk reduction.