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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Ellagic Acid Displays a Protective Effect on Red Blood Cell Membrane During Aging in Humans.

Deepika1, Tikam Chand Dakal2, Richa3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 Haryana India.

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry : IJCB
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ellagic acid (EA) protects human red blood cells from oxidative stress and aging. This antioxidant compound normalizes key membrane transporters and reduces cell damage, highlighting its health benefits.

Keywords:
AgingAntioxidantsEllagic acidProtein oxidationROS

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in pomegranates and berries.
  • Oxidative stress significantly impacts erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane integrity, particularly during aging.
  • tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) is a common agent used to induce oxidative stress in experimental models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective effects of Ellagic acid (EA) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes.
  • To evaluate the impact of EA on erythrocyte membrane transporters and indicators of cellular aging across different age groups.
  • To elucidate the potential health advantages of EA through its modulation of membrane transport mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Human erythrocytes from different age groups were subjected to oxidative stress using t-BHP.
  • The in vitro effects of varying concentrations of EA on erythrocyte membrane Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), Na+, K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase activity were assessed.
  • Protein carbonyl group content and osmotic fragility were measured to quantify oxidative damage and cell membrane integrity.

Main Results:

  • t-BHP significantly increased NHE activity and decreased Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity in erythrocytes across all age groups.
  • EA treatment notably reduced NHE activity and restored Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • EA administration also decreased protein carbonyl content and reduced osmotic fragility, indicating protection against oxidative damage.

Conclusions:

  • Ellagic acid demonstrates significant protective effects against oxidative stress in human erythrocytes.
  • EA modulates key membrane transporters, counteracting age-related changes and oxidative damage.
  • These findings support the beneficial health advantages of EA, particularly in mitigating cellular aging and oxidative stress.