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Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase-Like 1 Positively Regulates Seed Dormancy in Rice.

Tengfei Ma1, Qian Wang1, Tao Wu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Rice Germplasm, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

Plant Biotechnology Journal
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a key gene, Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase like 1 (QSOXL1), that regulates rice seed dormancy. A specific genetic variation in QSOXL1 enhances dormancy, offering a valuable trait for rice breeding programs to improve crop establishment.

Keywords:
CSN5QSOXL1riceseed dormancy

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Seed dormancy is crucial for plant survival and crop yield, balancing preharvest sprouting and germination.
  • Optimal seed dormancy in rice is vital for agricultural success, impacting stand establishment.
  • Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) play a significant role in regulating complex traits like seed dormancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clone and characterize the genetic basis of seed dormancy in rice.
  • To identify the specific gene responsible for the quantitative trait locus qSdn5.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying QSOXL1's role in regulating seed dormancy.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning of the qSdn5 quantitative trait locus and identification of the causal gene, Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase like 1 (QSOXL1).
  • Analysis of a critical amino acid polymorphism (K353E) in QSOXL1 and its effect on enzymatic activity and cellular redox state.
  • Identification of COP9 Signalosome Subunit 5 (CSN5) as a regulator of QSOXL1, ABI5, and SLR1 degradation.
  • Haplotype analysis of QSOXL1 in rice subpopulations.

Main Results:

  • The gene QSOXL1 was identified as the causal gene within the qSdn5 locus, positively regulating rice seed dormancy.
  • A specific K353E substitution in QSOXL1 significantly impacts its enzymatic activity and influences seed dormancy.
  • CSN5 was found to promote the proteasomal degradation of QSOXL1, ABI5, and SLR1, thereby regulating dormancy.
  • The QSOXL1 Hap5 haplotype, prevalent in the aus subpopulation, confers enhanced seed dormancy.

Conclusions:

  • QSOXL1 is a key regulator of rice seed dormancy, with its activity modulated by a critical amino acid polymorphism.
  • CSN5 acts as a central regulator by controlling the degradation of dormancy-related proteins, including QSOXL1.
  • The QSOXL1 Hap5 haplotype represents a valuable genetic resource for improving seed dormancy in rice breeding programs, potentially enhancing crop performance.