[Autonomic dysreflexia]
G Krivoborodov G1,2, S Yefremov N1,2, D Bolotov A1,2
1Department of Urology and Andrology in N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
Autonomous dysreflexia (AD) is a life-threatening condition that occurs in patients with spinal cord injury at the Th6 level and above. As a result of AD, dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system occurs, which leads to an uncoordinated sympathetic reaction, and can result in a potentially life-threatening increase in blood pressure, a hypertensive crisis, and even death. In about 85% of cases of AD, the cause is bladder overdistension. Urologists need to understand the clinical features of this condition and how to help patients with AD.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
01:08Reflex Activity
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
01:26The Micturition Reflex
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
01:22Autonomic Nervous System
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
01:22Somatic Spinal Reflexes
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
01:18Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...