[Urinary tract microbiota: new taxons]

The review is devoted to the assessment of the biological diversity of the human urinary tract microflora. The search was performed using the PubMed, List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature databases. Data on the species of aerobic, facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic bacteria described after 2000 were analyzed. It was found that the introduction of improved diagnostic protocols and methodological techniques led to the detection of new species of microorganisms in urine belonging to 14 families (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Weeksellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Chromobacteriaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Lysobacteraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Caryophanaceae, Dietziaceae, and Aerococcaceae). Information on the clinical significance and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria is presented.