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Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Draw-Induced Structural Optimization of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers During High-Temperature Carbonization.

Seungmin Yu1, Hyun-Jae Cho2, Tae-Hoon Ko3

  • 1Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 12, 2025
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Summary

Applying moderate tensile strain during carbonization enhances polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber properties. Optimal strain (10%) improved crystallinity and mechanical strength, crucial for advanced material design.

Keywords:
PAN-based carbonhigh modulusmicrostructuretensile strain

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers are advanced materials with tunable properties.
  • Controlling microstructure during processing is key to optimizing mechanical performance.
  • Tensile strain's role during high-temperature carbonization requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of tensile strain applied during carbonization on PAN-based carbon fiber microstructure and mechanical properties.
  • To determine the optimal tensile draw ratio for enhanced fiber performance.
  • To elucidate the structure-property relationships influenced by carbonization-stage strain.

Main Methods:

  • Wet-spun stabilized PAN precursor fibers were carbonized at 1400 °C under varying tensile draw ratios (0-15%).
  • Subsequent stress-free graphitization at 2400 °C isolated carbonization-stage tension effects.
  • Structural analysis employed X-ray Diffraction (XRD), 2D-XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM).
  • Mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young's modulus) and density were measured.

Main Results:

  • Moderate tensile strain (5-10%) significantly improved fiber crystallinity, orientation, and graphene layer alignment.
  • The 10% draw ratio yielded optimal results: reduced interlayer spacing (d002), increased lateral crystallite size (La), high orientation, and minimal disorder.
  • This 10% strain fiber exhibited superior mechanical properties: ~2.44 GPa tensile strength, ~408.6 GPa Young's modulus, and density of 1.831 g/cm³.
  • Excessive strain (15%) led to microstructural defects and performance degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Tensile strain control during carbonization is critical for optimizing PAN-based carbon fiber structure and properties.
  • Moderate strain enhances structural order and mechanical performance, while excessive strain is detrimental.
  • Findings provide insights for designing advanced processing strategies for high-performance carbon fibers.