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Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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Human Coronavirus-229E Hijacks Key Host-Cell RNA-Processing Complexes for Replication.

Snigdha Sarkar1, Song Feng1, Hugh D Mitchell1

  • 1Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.

Journal of Proteome Research
|September 12, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E) infection alters host cell protein structures, hijacking RNA processing for replication. Targeting specific protein complexes can reduce viral load, offering potential broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.

Keywords:
coronavirushost shutoffhost−pathogen interactionslimited proteolysisstructural proteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks necessitate understanding virus-host interactions for antiviral development.
  • Conventional proteomics (measuring protein abundance) misses crucial functional alterations.
  • Protein conformational changes offer better insights into altered regulatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular landscape of human lung cells infected with human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E) using structural proteomics.
  • To identify host-cell targets for antiviral therapies against HCoV-229E.

Main Methods:

  • Limited proteolysis-based mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) was used to capture protein conformational changes.
  • Human lung cells were infected with HCoV-229E and profiled using LiP-MS.
  • Structural data confirmed observed changes in cellular assemblies post-infection.

Main Results:

  • HCoV-229E hijacks key RNA-processing pathways and assemblies for replication and host shutoff.
  • Specific protein conformational changes were identified following HCoV-229E infection.
  • Modulation of the Nop56-associated pre-rRNA complex and spliceosome C-complex attenuated HCoV-229E replication.

Conclusions:

  • HCoV-229E employs a multipronged strategy involving RNA processing pathways for replication.
  • The Nop56-associated pre-rRNA complex and spliceosome C-complex are viable host-cell therapeutic targets.
  • Targeting these complexes may offer broad efficacy against coronavirus infections.