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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

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Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Selective Lithium Recovery via Stepwise Transition Metal Crystallization in a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Jingxiu Wang1, Jodie Yuwono1, Yan Wang1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|September 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) efficiently recycles lithium-ion batteries, selectively recovering lithium carbonate. This sustainable method overcomes challenges in lithium recycling, demonstrating high efficiency and scalability for electric vehicle battery recovery.

Keywords:
deep eutectic solventlithium‐ion batteriesscalabilityselective lithium recoveryspent cathode recyclinguniversality

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing electric vehicle adoption necessitates sustainable lithium-ion battery recycling.
  • Conventional methods face challenges in lithium selectivity and scalability.
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a promising, greener alternative for battery recycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly selective and scalable DES for efficient lithium recovery from spent batteries.
  • To address limitations in preferential lithium selectivity and process scalability in current recycling technologies.
  • To design a synergistic DES formulation for stepwise separation of lithium and transition metals.

Main Methods:

  • A natural DES (1ChCl-10LA-VC) was formulated using choline chloride, lactic acid, and ascorbic acid.
  • The DES utilizes synergistic effects for selective lithium solubilization and transition metal precipitation.
  • The method was tested on various cathode chemistries and applied to black mass, with scale-up trials.

Main Results:

  • Achieved >96% lithium leaching and >94% overall recovery from black mass.
  • Demonstrated exceptional selectivity, especially for high-nickel cathodes, and effective removal of impurities.
  • The DES showed excellent recyclability over four cycles, with gram-scale reactor tests confirming robustness.

Conclusions:

  • The developed DES offers a sustainable, efficient, and scalable solution for lithium-ion battery recycling.
  • The stepwise separation mechanism enables high-purity lithium carbonate recovery.
  • The process exhibits industrial feasibility and robustness for practical application.