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Effects of survey administration mode on response profiles are predictable, and robust across countries: Evidence
1Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Plos One
|September 12, 2025
Summary
Survey data collection modes, like in-person interviews versus self-completion, show reliable cross-national differences. Machine learning predicts survey administration, indicating data from different modes are not comparable across countries.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Methodology
- Cross-national Research
Background:
- Survey data collection employs various modes, including face-to-face interviews and self-completion methods (paper-and-pencil, web).
- Cross-national surveys, like the European Social Survey (ESS), are crucial for comparative social research.
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift to self-completion modes in some ESS countries, raising data comparability concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether survey data collected via different administration modes reliably differ across countries.
- To assess the comparability of data collected through face-to-face interviews versus self-completion methods in cross-national research.
- To identify potential differences in response profiles, such as extreme response styles, between survey modes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 145,361 respondents across 29 countries in Rounds 8-10 of the European Social Survey (ESS).
- Employed machine-learning models to predict survey administration modes based on respondent data.
- Analyzed response profiles, including extreme response styles, to identify mode-specific differences.
Main Results:
- Machine-learning models successfully predicted survey administration modes, indicating that data from different modes are not directly comparable.
- Models trained on data from certain countries could predict administration modes in novel countries, confirming reliable cross-national differences.
- Significant differences in response profiles, including extreme response styles, were observed between face-to-face and self-completion survey modes.
Conclusions:
- Survey administration modes lead to reliable cross-national differences in response profiles, impacting data comparability.
- Findings highlight the need to account for survey mode effects in cross-national research, particularly within projects like the ESS.
- Future cross-national survey research must carefully consider and potentially mitigate mode-based data disparities.
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