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Metabolism-driven posttranslational modifications and immune regulation: Emerging targets for immunotherapy
Gujie Wu1,2, Xiaofei Fan3, Lin Cheng4,5
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Cellular metabolism and immune regulation are deeply intertwined, with metabolite-derived modifications like lactylation regulating immune cell function. Understanding these immunometabolic links offers new therapeutic avenues for diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolomics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Immune cell activation triggers significant metabolic reprogramming to support heightened energy and biosynthesis demands.
- Metabolite-derived posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are key integrators of metabolic intermediates and immune signaling.
- Diverse non-acetyl PTMs, beyond acetylation, critically influence immune cell function and gene regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current advancements in immunometabolism, focusing on metabolite-driven posttranslational modifications.
- To explore the role of non-acetyl PTMs in regulating immune cell function and gene expression.
- To highlight future research directions and therapeutic potential in immunometabolism.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on immunometabolism and PTMs.
- Discussion of advances in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics for PTM characterization.
- Synthesis of findings on the regulatory roles of various metabolite-derived PTMs.
Main Results:
- Metabolic reprogramming is essential for activated immune cells.
- Non-acetyl PTMs (lactylation, succinylation, etc.) modify proteins, impacting gene expression and cellular processes.
- These PTMs provide a direct link between cellular metabolism and immune system regulation.
Conclusions:
- Metabolite-driven PTMs are crucial for integrating metabolism and immune responses.
- Targeting these PTMs presents promising therapeutic strategies for immune-related diseases.
- Further mechanistic studies and clinical applications in cancer and autoimmune disorders are warranted.
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