Optimizing enzymatic oil extraction: critical roles of enzyme selection, process parameters, and synergistic effects...

Traditional plant oil extraction methods face challenges like low efficiency and pollution. In contrast, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) offers advantages such as mild extraction conditions, no solvent residues, and sustainability, ensuring oil safety. The specificity of enzymes makes efficient oil extraction possible, requiring careful optimization of parameters such as enzyme selection, pH, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, enzyme concentration. This review explains how to enhance the yield and quality of oil through the synergistic effects between enzymes and these parameters. Conversely, inappropriate conditions reduce enzyme efficiency, cause oxidative reactions, and produce harmful substances, adversely affecting the flavor, color, and nutritional properties of the oil. Moreover, physical field auxiliary technology further improve enzyme permeability, boosting release rates, quality, and economic benefits. Future research should focus on cost reduction, energy efficiency, and by-product quality improvement. This review provides a theoretical framework for optimizing AEE processes and highlights its potential for sustainable oil extraction.