Left hand, right hand: Understanding laterality and its impact on surgery

Laterality, defined as the preferential use of one side of the body over the other, is a fundamental characteristic observed across species, and is deeply rooted in neurodevelopmental, genetic, and environmental factors. This review explores the concept of laterality, examining its role, modulation and expression in humans with a particular focus on its implications in plastic-orthopedic hand surgery. Laterality plays a role in surgery at every stage, from training and intraoperative performance to patient outcomes and postoperative care. Technological advances such as robotic surgery offer promising solutions to mitigate cognitive asymmetries related to handedness. These tools may offset the effects of handedness. Considering this dimension in the training of future surgeons may contribute to better outcomes and improved working conditions.