Advances in microbial C-reactive peptides as pro-sensors for antibiotic release and membrane driving potentials

The involvement of C-reactive proteins in triggering antibiotic release is important in figuring out the underlaying mechanisms of cellular biomarkers involving the immune reaction and inflammation. Thus, the existence of microbial C-reactive proteins or peptides are getting logical acceptance due to the presence of some homologue peptides into microbes capable in triggering same inflammatory response levels like to that happening into mammalian cells. The objective of this chapter is to study in depth the mechanization of microbial C-reactive proteins/peptides for allowing the release of de novo antibiotics capable in competing the penicillin mechanism of action. Therefore, series of plasmo-dynamic markers are beared in mind and studied including the role of anti-inflammatory peptides, peptide transporters, opioid peptides, cell penetrating peptides and other static membrane markers including Toll-like receptor, and G-protein coupled receptors. These cellular biomarkers are studied in light of their mechanizations toward the release of commonly known classes of antibiotics including antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial ones. The chapter is also covering the availability of antibiotics in foods, microbes, biological matrices and in animal cells and tissues as well as the methods of detection and quantification of antibiotics and also the commonly methods used in mitigating those antibiotics when they are present in excessive doses in food materials. In this regard, some engineered models have been developed in order to remove residual traces of antibiotics as mode for food safety purposes. The domain applications of antibiotics as putative cores and therapies used for preventing the burden diseases like Covid-19 pandemia and other complicated transient diseases are also covered. The chapter is shedding light on the mechanization of peptides like antibiotics, microbial resistance against antibiotics, mechanism of antibiotic sensing, peptides-antibiotic interaction, and antibiotic resistance, by projecting lights on some developed biosensors used in detecting these type of substances.