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Mental preparation, mental practice and strength tasks: a need for clarification.

S J Biddle

    Journal of Sports Sciences
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mental preparation enhances physical performance, but mental practice is less effective for strength tasks. Distinguishing between mental preparation and practice is crucial for future research in sport psychology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sport Psychology
    • Motor Control
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Mental preparation is considered vital for physical performance, particularly in strength-based activities.
    • Existing research on 'psych-up' strategies generally supports mental preparation for strength tasks.
    • However, a meta-analysis by Feltz and Landers (1983) indicated a smaller effect size for mental practice on strength tasks compared to cognitive tasks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the conflicting findings regarding mental preparation and practice in physical performance.
    • To propose a necessary distinction between mental preparation and mental practice.
    • To clarify the effectiveness of different mental strategies across various task types.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on mental preparation and mental practice in sport psychology.
    • Analysis of a meta-analysis by Feltz and Landers (1983) examining effect sizes across cognitive, motor, and strength tasks.
    • Conceptual differentiation between mental preparation and mental practice strategies.

    Main Results:

    • The meta-analysis reported a significantly larger effect size for mental practice on cognitive tasks than on strength tasks.
    • A small effect size was observed for mental practice on strength tasks, questioning previous findings.
    • The effectiveness of mental preparation strategies appears task-dependent.

    Conclusions:

    • A clear distinction between mental preparation and mental practice is essential for accurate interpretation of research findings.
    • Future research should differentiate between mental strategies and task types in both practice and preparation contexts.
    • Clarifying these distinctions will advance the understanding of mental strategies in sport psychology.

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