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Anion-Blocking and Multipath-Conducting Interfaces Enable Long-Life Room-Temperature Ester-Based Ca-Metal Batteries.

Xuedong He1, Jiarui Wang1, Qingyang Cao1

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Summary

Researchers developed the first long-life pure calcium salt ester-based calcium-metal (Ca-metal) batteries. Engineered Ca-metal interfaces overcome anode passivation, enabling stable cycling and high capacity retention for advanced energy storage.

Keywords:
Ca‐metalanion corrosionester electrolyteinterface kineticsinterphase regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Ester-based electrolytes are common in lithium storage but problematic for calcium-metal (Ca-metal) batteries.
  • Ca-metal batteries face challenges with pure calcium salt ester electrolytes due to anode passivation by anion corrosion.
  • Stable and fast kinetics interfaces are crucial for durable room-temperature Ca-metal battery operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first long-life pure calcium salt ester-based Ca-metal battery.
  • To overcome the limitations of anode passivation in Ca-metal batteries using ester electrolytes.
  • To engineer stable and fast kinetics interfaces for improved Ca-metal battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a biomass-derived carbon cathode.
  • Engineered Ca-metal interfaces with calcium-(Ca-)/iron-(Fe-)based inorganic salts and core-shell iron (Fe) nanocrystals.
  • Incorporated carbon-nitrogen (C─N) organics as an anion-blocking medium.

Main Results:

  • Achieved >500 cycles with 85.4% capacity retention at 25 mA g-1 in pure calcium salt ester-based Ca-metal batteries.
  • Demonstrated a low Ca-metal deposition overpotential of 0.53 V (vs Ca/Ca2+).
  • Exhibited stable Ca-metal deposition/stripping for >950 hours with 6 mAh cm-2 interface-stable deposit capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully developed the first long-life pure calcium salt ester-based Ca-metal battery.
  • Engineered interfaces with diverse interphases and anion-blocking capabilities enhance kinetics and reversibility.
  • This work presents a viable interface engineering strategy for ester-based Ca-metal batteries.