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Related Concept Videos

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
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Targeting Diabetic Retinopathy with Human iPSC-Derived Vascular Reparative Cells in a Type 2 Diabetes Model.

Sergio Li Calzi1, Dibyendu Chakraborty1, Ping Hu1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Cells
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CD34+ cells and endothelial colony forming cells (iPSC-ECFCs) show therapeutic potential for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Combination therapy demonstrated specific benefits in retinal thickness and molecular pathways.

Keywords:
CD34 cellsKNA cellsdiabetic retinopathyendothelial colony forming cellsinducible pluripotent stem cellsvascular repair

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss, characterized by retinal vascular damage.
  • Current treatments for DR have limitations and do not fully restore retinal function or structure.
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising source for vascular repair therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hiPSC-derived CD34+ cells and iPSC-ECFCs, alone and in combination, for vascular repair in a mouse model of DR.
  • To assess the functional and structural recovery of the retina following hiPSC-based cell transplantation.
  • To investigate the cellular integration and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Intravitreal injection of hiPSC-CD34+ cells or iPSC-ECFCs (alone or combined) into immunosuppressed type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice.
  • Functional assessment using electroretinography (ERG) and structural evaluation via optical coherence tomography (OCT) one month post-injection.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cell localization and Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) for proteomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Both hiPSC-CD34+ cells and iPSC-ECFCs significantly improved retinal function (ERG).
  • Retinal thickness was restored by hiPSC-CD34+ cells and the combination therapy, but not by iPSC-ECFCs alone.
  • hiPSC-CD34+ cells localized perivascularly, while iPSC-ECFCs integrated into the retinal vasculature; RPPA revealed combination-specific molecular pathway modulation.

Conclusions:

  • hiPSC-derived CD34+ cells and iPSC-ECFCs demonstrate therapeutic potential for DR, both individually and in combination.
  • Combination therapy exhibited unique benefits in restoring retinal thickness and modulating specific molecular pathways.
  • These findings support the development of hiPSC-based cell therapies for retinal vascular diseases like DR.