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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Targeting

Ana Vuletic1, Katarina Mirjacic Martinovic1, Vladimir Jurisic2

  • 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Cells
|September 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is challenging. Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its immune suppressive mechanisms, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), shows promise for effective TNBC therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive, with limited treatment options due to a lack of specific molecular targets.
  • Current therapies like chemotherapy and immunotherapy often fail to provide durable responses in TNBC.
  • Understanding the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions is key to overcoming immune evasion in TNBC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the immune cell network within the TME in TNBC.
  • To explore the interactions between immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells in the TME.
  • To identify therapeutic targeting strategies for the TME in TNBC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on TNBC, TME, and immune cell interactions.
  • Analysis of the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TNBC progression.
  • Synthesis of knowledge on immune suppressive and CAF-related mechanisms in the TME.

Main Results:

  • The TME plays a critical role in TNBC immune evasion and progression.
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are significant players influencing immune cell interactions and tumor invasion.
  • Multiple cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, and metabolites mediate complex interactions within the TME.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting immune suppressive mechanisms in the TME offers potential for TNBC treatment.
  • Therapeutic strategies focused on CAF-related tumor-promoting mechanisms warrant clinical evaluation for TNBC.
  • A deeper understanding of TME dynamics is crucial for developing more effective TNBC therapies.
Keywords:
cancer associated fibroblaststriple negative breast cancertumor microenvironment

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