Characterization of Antidepressant Consumption in a Portuguese Inland Population

Background/Objectives: Mental disorders are a growing global concern, with depression being among the most prevalent. Portugal ranks second in antidepressant consumption within the OECD, following a threefold increase between 2000 and 2020. In inland regions such as Beira Interior, reduced healthcare services and distance from major hospitals further complicate access to care. This study analysed 142 patients from Beira Interior undergoing antidepressant therapy to characterise their demographic and clinical profile and to assess associations with adverse effects. Methods: A cross-sectional survey collected demographic data, clinical diagnoses, prescribed antidepressants, concomitant medications, and reported adverse effects. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: Most participants were female (81.0%), with a mean age of 57.8 years. Major depression was the most common diagnosis (76.1%). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (47.4%) and trazodone (27.8%) were the most prescribed agents. Treatment had lasted one to five years in 59.9% of cases. Concomitant use of benzodiazepines (76.8%) and antipsychotics (48.6%) was frequent. Reported adverse effects included anticholinergic symptoms (38.7%) and confusion/agitation (26.8%). Women were more likely to use serotonin modulators, while patients >64 years had higher odds of using tetracyclic/unicyclic antidepressants, serotonin modulators, and multiple antidepressants. These classes were significantly associated with increased adverse effects. Conclusions: The findings reveal important risks related to polypragmasia and adverse reactions, underscoring the need for individualised prescribing, rigorous monitoring, and strict adherence to guidelines. Larger, stratified, and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causality and optimise treatment outcomes.