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Targeted Recovery of Phenolic Antioxidants from Grape Stems: A Sequential Approach.

Violeta Jevtovic¹, Khulood Fahad Saud Alabbosh², Zoran Pržić³

¹Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 13, 2025

Summary

Grape stems are a rich source of phenolic antioxidants. Optimized green extraction methods efficiently recover these compounds, supporting their use in functional foods and sustainable circular economy practices.

Keywords:

Vitis vinifera extraction kinetics factorial design grape stems green extraction phenolic compounds thermodynamics

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Food Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Grape stems, a winemaking byproduct, are underutilized biomass rich in phenolic antioxidants.
Valorization of grape stems aligns with circular economy principles and sustainable resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

To screen Vitis vinifera L. cultivars for phenolic antioxidant content.
To optimize green extraction conditions for phenolic antioxidants from grape stems.
To investigate the extraction mechanism and thermodynamic properties.

Main Methods:

HPLC DAD analysis for phenolic compound quantification.
2^3 full factorial design for extraction optimization (ethanol concentration, time, temperature).
Unsteady state diffusion model for kinetic analysis and thermodynamic parameter determination.

Main Results:

Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Italian Riesling cultivars showed highest phenolic content.
Optimal green extraction conditions: 60% ethanol, 80 min, 65 °C.
Extraction followed a leaching-diffusion mechanism with endothermic, spontaneous, and irreversible thermodynamic parameters.

Conclusions:

Grape stems are a sustainable and efficient source of valuable phenolic antioxidants.
Optimized extraction yields significant amounts of compounds like catechin and quercetin glycosides.
Potential applications in functional foods and dietary supplements, promoting valorization and circular economy.