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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Extending the Lifespan of Soluble Lead Flow Batteries with a Sodium Acetate Additive

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Recycling Spent LFP Batteries: From Resource Recovery to High-Value Functional Materials.

Chang Wang¹, Lizhi Wang², Zixuan Fu²

¹School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 13, 2025

Summary

Recycling lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries is crucial for new energy vehicles. Innovative methods focus on cathode material regeneration and upcycling into products like fertilizers, enhancing sustainability and value.

Keywords:

lithium iron phosphate recycling spent battery

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Environmental Science

Background:

End-of-life new energy vehicles generate substantial lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery waste.
Conventional recycling methods face limitations, necessitating advanced strategies.
Fe2+ oxidation during battery operation causes lithium loss and performance decline.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in LFP battery recycling and upcycling.
To discuss challenges in sustainable and high-value reuse of LFP materials.
To provide strategic insights for integrated LFP recycling frameworks.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical delamination and ultrasonic separation for cathode detachment.
Thermal and wet-chemical regeneration techniques to restore electrochemical activity.
Upcycling LFP materials into value-added products, such as slow-release fertilizers.

Main Results:

Innovative strategies efficiently detach cathode materials and restore their activity.
Upcycling spent LFP offers sustainable resource reutilization pathways.
Phosphorus recovery from LFP enables conversion into slow-release fertilizers.

Conclusions:

An integrated recycling framework balancing environmental, technical, and economic factors is urgently needed.
Sustainable and high-value reuse of spent LFP cathodes requires further research and development.
Advanced recycling and upcycling technologies are key to managing LFP battery waste.