Amelanchier Medik. Species: An Underutilized Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential for Pharmacological and...

Amelanchier Medik. (Rosaceae) is a genus of perennial, deciduous shrubs and trees distributed across temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Traditionally, Native American communities used fruits, leaves, bark, and roots to treat digestive ailments, fevers, colds, inflammation, and to promote general well-being. Scientific investigation began with molecular studies in 1946 and phytochemical research in 1978, with research activity on some Amelanchier species increasing substantially between 2010 and 2025. Fruits are rich in phenolic compounds-particularly flavonoids and anthocyanins-along with triterpenes, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. Pharmacological studies of selected species report antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Despite extensive chemical profiling in several members of the genus, the biological and toxicological properties of Amelanchier remain insufficiently explored, and clinical evidence is lacking. This review synthesizes recent findings on the phytochemistry, medicinal applications, and biological effects of Amelanchier species, linking traditional knowledge with modern research and highlighting priorities for future biomedical investigation.