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  11. Nematicide Chalcones Act Synergistically On Caenorhabditis Elegans And Meloidogyne Incognita Without Disrupting Soil Microbial Diversity And With Limited Toxicity To Human Cells

Nematicide Chalcones Act Synergistically on Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita Without Disrupting Soil Microbial Diversity and with Limited Toxicity to Human Cells

Alejandro Calderón-Urrea1, Shantanu Shinde1, Sosse Kendoyan1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel chalcones show synergistic nematicidal activity against plant parasitic nematodes. These compounds effectively control nematodes at low concentrations without harming beneficial soil bacteria or human cells.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Nematology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause substantial global crop losses.
  • Conventional nematicides face environmental and health restrictions, necessitating safer alternatives.
  • Flavonoid chalcones 17, 25, and 30 previously demonstrated efficacy against the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synergistic nematicidal potential of chalcones 17, 25, and 30 at low concentrations.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of chalcone combinations against both C. elegans and the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita.
  • To assess the impact of these chalcones on non-target organisms, including soil bacteria and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Nematicidal assays were conducted using C. elegans and M. incognita at concentrations down to 10^-6 M.
Keywords:
chalcone combinationscontrol of PPN (Plant Parasitic Nematodes)pesticide safetypesticides and alteration of soil microbiota

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  • Combination index method was employed to analyze synergistic effects.
  • Antimicrobial activity against soil bacteria was tested.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing analyzed soil microbial populations.
  • hPSC viability assays were performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Chalcone combinations achieved 90-100% mortality in C. elegans within 3 days, indicating strong synergy.
    • Chalcones 17 and 30, in binary and ternary combinations, showed significant toxicity against M. incognita.
    • No significant disruption of soil microbial populations was observed.
    • Chalcones did not adversely affect hPSC viability at effective nematicidal concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Chalcones 17, 25, and 30 exhibit potent synergistic nematicidal activity.
    • These chalcones represent a promising avenue for developing environmentally friendly nematode control strategies.
    • The compounds demonstrate a favorable safety profile, sparing beneficial soil microbes and human cells.
    synergistic effects