Functionalized Micellar Membranes from Medicinal Mushrooms as Promising Self-Growing Bioscaffolds

Micellar or mycelial membranes from medicinal mushrooms are self-growing fibrous polymeric biocomposites that are biocompatible, biodegradable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. In this study, the cultivation process for the medicinal mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus has been optimized via submerged cultivation to maximize growth and promote the formation of micellar membranes with high water-absorption capacity. Optimal growth conditions were achieved at an alkaline pH in a medium containing malt extract for G. lucidum, while for P. ostreatus, these were in a glucose-enriched medium. The hydrophilic underside of the micellar membranes led to a high-water uptake capacity. These membranes exhibited a broad spectrum of functional groups, thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 260 °C, and a fibrous and porous structure. The micellar membranes from both mushrooms were additionally functionalized with mango peel extract (MPE), resulting in a uniform and gradual release profile, which is an important novelty. They also showed successful antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth. MPE-functionalized micellar membranes are, therefore, innovative biocomposites suitable for various biomedical applications. As they mimic the extracellular matrix of the skin, they are a promising material for tissue engineering, wound healing, and advanced skin materials applications.