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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...

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Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering

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Published on: October 26, 2016

Tailored Thermoresponsive Polyurethane Hydrogels: Structure-Property Relationships for Injectable Biomedical

Miriam Di Martino¹, Lucia Sessa¹, Federica Romano¹

¹Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.

|September 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed injectable, thermoresponsive polyurethane hydrogels for biomedical uses. These materials exhibit tunable sol-gel transitions near body temperature, controlled by polymer composition, offering potential for drug delivery and embolization.

Keywords:

monomer composition tuning polyurethane-based networks sol–gel transition thermoresponsive hydrogels

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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Biomaterials Science
Materials Engineering

Background:

Thermoresponsive hydrogels offer tunable sol-gel transitions near physiological temperatures, ideal for injectable biomedical applications.
Current materials often require external crosslinkers, complicating in vivo application.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a library of polyurethane-based hydrogels with tunable thermoresponsive sol-gel properties.
To establish a structure-property relationship for designing injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

Step-growth polymerization of polyethylene glycol (PEG), diisocyanates, and functional diols.
UV-Vis turbidimetry to determine cloud point temperature (T_CP).
In vitro degradation assays to assess hydrolytic stability.

Main Results:

Synthesized polyurethane hydrogels exhibited sol-gel transitions without external crosslinkers, relying on non-covalent interactions.
T_CP was tunable from 26-49 °C by altering monomer composition, primarily PEG molecular weight and diol structure.
Diethanolamine (DEA)-based polymers formed stable gels above a lower critical gelation temperature (LCGT) due to amine group interactions.
Hydrogels showed good hydrolytic stability over four weeks, influenced by PEG length and hydrophobic content.

Conclusions:

Established a structure-property framework for designing injectable, thermoresponsive polyurethane hydrogels.
Demonstrated the tunability of sol-gel behavior through monomer selection for tailored biomedical applications.
Highlighted the role of non-covalent interactions and specific functional groups (amine) in achieving desired hydrogel properties.