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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred...
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Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
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Unveiling Brass-Doped CoSb3-Based Thermoelectric Materials Using Solid-State Reaction.

Dan Zhao1, Yonghua Ji1,2, Bingke Qin1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Skutterudite (CoSb3) composites doped with brass and tellurium show improved thermoelectric properties. These materials offer enhanced power factors and reduced thermal conductivity for mid-temperature applications.

Keywords:
brass-dopedmicrostructuresolid-phase reactionthermoelectric materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Thermoelectrics

Background:

  • Skutterudite (CoSb3)-based materials are promising for mid-temperature thermoelectric applications.
  • Their performance is linked to electrical properties and alloy design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize Brassx/Co4Sb11.5Te0.5 composites.
  • To investigate the effects of co-doping with brass and tellurium on thermoelectric properties.

Main Methods:

  • High-temperature solid-state reactions were used for synthesis.
  • X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • The primary crystal structure observed was CoSb3, with minor impurity phases.
  • Co-doping effectively regulated carrier concentration and enhanced the power factor.
  • Nanostructures, grain boundaries, and defects reduced lattice thermal conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Brass0.1/Co4Sb11.5Te0.5 achieved a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.81 at 781 K.
  • The study demonstrates a viable strategy for optimizing skutterudite thermoelectric materials.