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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures
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Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures

Published on: September 27, 2019

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Curve-Based Infill Pattern Optimization for 3D Printed Polymeric Scaffolds for Trabecular Bone Applications.

Gisela Vega1, Rubén Paz1, Mario Monzón1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira Baja, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
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This study optimized 3D printed scaffolds using novel software for better cell growth in tissue engineering. The best design featured a symmetric sinusoidal pattern, enhancing cell proliferation through improved porosity and interconnectivity.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly material extrusion, shows promise for creating tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • Current slicer software has limitations in designing customized scaffold infill patterns.
  • Optimizing scaffold design is crucial for enhancing cell viability and proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel methodology for designing and optimizing 3D printed polymeric scaffolds.
  • To investigate the impact of different infill patterns on cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.
  • To identify optimal scaffold configurations balancing mechanical properties, porosity, and interconnectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized FullControl GCode Designer for customized infill pattern generation.
Keywords:
FEAadditive manufacturingmodelingoptimizationscaffoldtissue engineering

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Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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  • Employed VOLCO software for voxelized 3D scaffold modeling and simulation.
  • Conducted finite element analysis (FEA) using Abaqus for mechanical property evaluation.
  • Developed scripts to assess scaffold interconnectivity and pore size.
  • Applied factorial design of experiments and genetic algorithms with Kriging metamodels for optimization.
  • Performed biological testing on polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds.

    • Main Results:

    • The symmetric sinusoidal infill pattern was identified as optimal through both computational modeling and biological testing.
    • The optimal scaffold configuration achieved 53.08% porosity and an equivalent pore size of 584 µm.
    • Results demonstrated a strong agreement between the optimization methodology and biological outcomes.
    • Higher pore surface area and interconnectivity were correlated with enhanced cell proliferation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed methodology effectively designs and optimizes 3D printed scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
    • Pore surface area and interconnectivity are critical factors influencing cell proliferation within scaffolds.
    • This research advances AM technology for scaffold fabrication and provides a foundation for future optimization studies.