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Intelligent Compaction System for Soil-Rock Mixture Subgrades: Real-Time Moisture-CMV Fusion Control and Embedded
Meisheng Shi1, Shen Zuo1, Jin Li1
1School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, 5 Jiaoxiao Road, Jinan 250357, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
Summary
This study introduces an intelligent compaction system for soil-rock mixture subgrades, improving quality control. The system achieves a 98% qualification rate, significantly outperforming conventional methods.
Area of Science:
- Geotechnical Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Construction Materials Science
Background:
- Soil-rock mixture (SRM) subgrade compaction quality is vital for infrastructure stability.
- Conventional methods suffer from high spatial sampling bias and fail to accurately assess overall compaction, leading to improper compaction levels.
- Real-time monitoring is essential to address these limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an intelligent compaction system for real-time monitoring and quality control of SRM subgrades.
- To integrate vibration sensors, near-infrared (NIR) moisture meters, and edge computing for data fusion.
- To improve the accuracy and efficiency of compaction quality assessment compared to traditional methods.
Main Methods:
- Integration of vibration acceleration sensors for Compaction Meter Value (CMV) acquisition.
- Utilization of near-infrared (NIR) moisture meters for real-time moisture monitoring.
- Development of an edge-computing module for Python-based data fusion, including FFT harmonic analysis and moisture correction.
Main Results:
- The developed system achieved a 98% compaction qualification rate, exceeding conventional methods (82%).
- Demonstrated 97.6% anomaly detection accuracy.
- NIR moisture correction showed high correlation (R² = 0.96) with oven-drying, and the system reduced measurement error by 40% compared to conventional Intelligent Compaction Technology (ICT).
Conclusions:
- The intelligent compaction system provides a digital solution for SRM subgrade quality control, enhancing construction efficiency and durability.
- The integration of NIR moisture correction with CMV harmonic analysis represents a novel advancement in compaction monitoring.
- The system meets stringent JTG 3430-2020 standards, offering reliable performance in real-world applications.
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