Crude Oil Yield Estimation: Recent Advances and Technological Progress in the Oil Refining Industry

Oil refineries depend greatly on the estimation of crude oil properties in order to understand the oil's behaviour and the product fractions expected from the refining process. In yield estimation, the crude oil source and variant can cause variability in prediction and lead to the need for repeatable analysis. The necessity for fast, accurate, and high-generalization yield estimation initiates the framework of this review. This paper aims to comprehensively review the available techniques for estimating the yield of petroleum products in the petroleum refining industry. The review provides a brief overview of petroleum refining processes and high-value products, followed by a description of the traditional method, which utilizes laboratory analysis to offer detailed findings, but requires a tedious methodology. The improvement of yield estimation leads to process simulation, modelling, and machine learning, enabling a fast response and better prediction with higher accuracy. Thorough case studies related to simulation software, models, and algorithms are presented to discover the process and model development, applications, advantages, and drawbacks. Enhancing petroleum product yield estimation provides reliable techniques for oil refiners that enable them to achieve optimized production aligned with sustainability and modernization goals.