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Design and Implementation of an Off-Grid Smart Street Lighting System Using LoRaWAN and Hybrid Renewable Energy for
1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
Summary
This study introduces an off-grid smart street lighting system using solar power and IoT for efficient urban energy use. The system ensures reliable, internet-independent operation and remote management, reducing environmental impact.
Area of Science:
- Sustainable Energy Systems
- Smart Urban Infrastructure
- Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Background:
- Growing electricity demand necessitates sustainable solutions for urban energy consumers like streetlights.
- Current street lighting systems often lack efficiency and reliability, contributing to high electricity consumption.
- The need for innovative, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective street lighting is paramount.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate an off-grid smart street lighting system powered by solar energy.
- To integrate Internet of Things (IoT) technology for remote monitoring and control without internet dependency.
- To enhance energy efficiency and operational reliability of urban street lighting infrastructure.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) generation system with battery storage.
- Utilization of Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) for internet-independent communication.
- Application of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for solar energy optimization.
- Data transmission via Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol to a cloud platform for real-time management.
Main Results:
- Achieved a maximum MPPT efficiency of 97.96% for solar energy extraction.
- Demonstrated reliable LoRaWAN communication up to 10 km.
- Successfully operated four LED streetlights over a 1.2 km area with 400 m spacing.
- Validated the system's capability for real-time monitoring and control via a graphical user interface.
Conclusions:
- The proposed off-grid smart street lighting system offers a practical and energy-efficient solution for smart urban infrastructure.
- The integration of solar PV, battery storage, IoT, and LoRaWAN provides a reliable, internet-independent lighting control system.
- This approach significantly reduces environmental impact and enhances the efficiency of urban energy consumption.
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