Sexually Transmitted Infections: Usefulness of Molecular Methods for Microorganism Detection in Stored Sexual Assault...

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Public Health

Background:

• Sexual assault is a global concern with severe health consequences for survivors.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant complication, often asymptomatic.
• Detecting STIs in forensic settings is vital for victim care and legal proceedings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the efficacy of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying specific STIs.
• To determine if STIs can be detected in biological samples stored for extended periods (up to 18 years) under forensic conditions.

Main Methods:

• Real-time PCR was employed to analyze 231 swabs from 116 sexual assault victims.
• Pathogen-specific primers and fluorescent probes were used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum.
• Samples were collected between 2004 and 2017 and stored under routine forensic conditions.

Main Results:

• Trichomonas vaginalis was detected in 5.6% (13/231) of samples.
• Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 4.8% (11/231) of samples.
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum were not detected in any samples.

Conclusions:

• Real-time PCR is a valuable tool for detecting STIs in long-term preserved forensic samples.
• Molecular diagnostics can aid in the retrospective investigation of sexual crimes, including cold cases.
• This method enhances forensic proceedings and supports survivor care by identifying past infections.