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Recent Updates on Diabetes and Bone.

Giacomina Brunetti1

  • 1Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes significantly impacts bone health, increasing fracture risk in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review highlights key mediators and therapeutic strategies for managing diabetic bone complications.

Keywords:
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2)TXNIPVitamin Dasprosinbonediabetesincretinsirisinneurotensin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health challenge, projected to affect 853 million people by 2050.
  • Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to skeletal fragility and increased fracture risk, particularly with aging.
  • Fracture risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is linked to lower bone mineral density, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) shows increased risk with normal or elevated bone density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent (2023-2025) updates on the complex relationship between diabetes and bone health.
  • To elucidate the role of various mediators in diabetes-associated bone pathology.
  • To emphasize the importance of monitoring bone health in diabetic patients and discuss fracture prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications (2023-2025) focusing on diabetes and bone health.
  • Analysis of studies investigating bone quality and metabolic pathways in diabetes.
  • Synthesis of information on key molecular mediators and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • The review details the interplay between diabetes and bone metabolism, affecting bone quality.
  • It explores the roles of Vitamin D, Incretins, Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), neurotensin, asprosin, irisin, and Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in diabetes-induced bone fragility.
  • Findings underscore the differential impact of T1D and T2D on bone mineral density and fracture risk.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic patients face an elevated risk of fractures due to altered bone quality and metabolic dysregulation.
  • Monitoring bone health and implementing targeted therapies are crucial for preventing fractures in individuals with diabetes.
  • Further research into the identified mediators may reveal novel therapeutic targets for bone protection in diabetes.