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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
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Lasso Peptides-A New Weapon Against Superbugs.

Piotr Mucha1, Jarosław Ruczyński1, Katarzyna Prochera1

  • 1Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lasso peptides, a unique class of molecules, show promise in combating drug-resistant bacteria. Their distinct structure allows them to target new bacterial mechanisms, offering a potential new weapon against superbugs.

Keywords:
lasso peptidesmacrolactam ringmethicillin and vancomycin-resistant strainsmulti-drug-resistant bacteriapeptide synthesispost-translationally modified peptidessuperbugs

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Multi-drug-resistant bacteria (superbugs) pose a significant global health threat.
  • Existing antibiotics are becoming less effective due to rapid bacterial resistance.
  • Novel antibacterial agents and molecular targets are urgently needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of lasso peptides as a novel class of antibacterial agents.
  • To investigate the unique structural features of lasso peptides and their implications for bioactivity.
  • To assess the feasibility of synthesizing lasso peptides for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lasso peptides and their biosynthesis.
  • Analysis of the structural characteristics of lasso peptides, particularly their knotted fold.
  • Examination of reported bioactivities, focusing on antibacterial properties and mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with a distinctive lasso-like structure.
  • These peptides exhibit potent antibacterial activity by targeting novel molecular sites, such as atypical ribosome locations.
  • The complex synthesis of lasso peptides presents a challenge for traditional synthetic chemistry methods.

Conclusions:

  • Lasso peptides represent a promising new frontier in the development of antibiotics against superbugs.
  • Their unique structure enables interaction with new bacterial targets, potentially overcoming existing resistance mechanisms.
  • Further research into lasso peptide synthesis and mechanism of action could lead to "last chance" therapies.