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The Role of Selected Myokines in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Their Involvement in Developing
Jakub Kuna1, Grzegorz Chmielewski1, Łukasz Jaśkiewicz2
1Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland.
Insights
Myokines, signaling molecules from muscle, play a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding their roles in conditions like heart failure and coronary artery disease can lead to new treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death globally.
- Myokines, cytokines from muscle cells, are increasingly recognized for their role in cardiovascular pathogenesis.
- Imbalances in myokine levels (excess or deficiency) contribute to disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent research on myokines in cardiovascular disease.
- To highlight the roles of specific myokines (myonectin, irisin, musclin, FSTL1, dermcidin, apelin, myostatin) in various cardiovascular conditions.
- To examine myostatin and irisin in heart failure and apelin in rheumatoid arthritis-associated cardiovascular risk.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies.
- Focus on specific myokines and cardiovascular conditions.
- Analysis of myokine involvement in pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Myokines significantly influence the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, and hypertension.
- Myostatin and irisin are implicated in heart failure development.
- Lower apelin levels correlate with increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Conclusions:
- Myokines represent a promising area for understanding and potentially treating cardiovascular diseases.
- Further research into specific myokines like myostatin, irisin, and apelin is warranted.
- Targeting myokine pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular conditions.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases, which are among the most common diseases of the population and among the leading causes of death, are a constant topic of many research centers. A deeper understanding of their pathogenesis may contribute to the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Recently, the role of myokines-a group of cytokines secreted mainly by muscle cells-has been increasingly emphasized in the development of these diseases. Both their excess and deficiency can cause undesirable effects that are involved in the pathomechanism of these diseases. In this review, we focus on the latest studies on the role of myonectin, irisin, musclin, follistatin-like1 (FSTL1), dermcidin, apelin, and myostatin in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, and hypertension. In particular, we look at myostatin and irisin in the context of the development of heart failure and decreased levels of apelin with higher cardiovascular risk in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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