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Related Concept Videos

Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

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While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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Tetratricopeptide Repeat 2 Is a Quantitative Trait Locus That Controls Seed Size.

Zhuolun Wang1, Stephanie Cara1, Seung Y Rhee2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein 2 (TPR2) is identified as the gene controlling seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana. Increased TPR2 gene dosage consistently enhances seed mass and volume, impacting crop yield potential.

Keywords:
Arabidopsis thalianaQTLassimilate transferseed developmentseed size

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Agronomy

Background:

  • Seed size is a crucial trait influencing plant evolution and crop productivity.
  • The Seed Size QTL1 (SSQ1) locus in Arabidopsis thaliana accounts for significant variation in seed size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the causal gene of the SSQ1 locus.
  • To investigate the role of the identified gene in regulating seed size and biomass composition.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic mapping and gene expression analysis to identify the SSQ1 causal gene.
  • Quantitative trait analysis across different ecotypes and genetic backgrounds.
  • Biomass composition analysis (oil, sucrose, protein) in transgenic lines and mutants.

Main Results:

  • Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein 2 (TPR2) was identified as the causal gene for the SSQ1 locus.
  • Increased TPR2 gene dosage consistently increased seed mass and volume by 10-14%.
  • TPR2 regulates seed size via maternal effects, altering sucrose and protein accumulation without affecting oil content.

Conclusions:

  • TPR2 is a key maternal regulator of seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Understanding TPR2's function offers potential for improving crop yield through seed size manipulation.