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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Nuclear Roles of Spliceosome-Associated microRNAs in Neuronal Cancer Cells.

Shelly Mahlab-Aviv1, Keren Or Swissa2, Maram Arafat2

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Science Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 13, 2025
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Summary

Nuclear microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in neuronal cancer cells, regulating gene expression and progression. This study uncovers novel nuclear functions and targets for these important molecules.

Keywords:
antisenselncRNAmiRCancermiRNA biogenesisnuclear miRNApre-miRNAspliceosomal-miRNAsplicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) primarily regulate gene translation in the cytoplasm.
  • Nuclear roles of miRNAs, especially spliceosome-associated ones, are largely unknown.
  • Previous work linked spliceosome-associated miRNAs to breast cancer metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate nuclear functions of spliceosome-associated miRNAs in neuronal cancer models.
  • Identify novel nuclear targets and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Explore context-dependent roles of nuclear miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized immortalized human cortical neuron (HCN) cells.
  • Employed glioblastoma (U87MG) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines.
  • Analyzed miRNA interactions with nuclear targets, including long non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Spliceosome-associated miRNAs were identified as markers in neuronal cancer cells.
  • Novel nuclear targets for these miRNAs were uncovered.
  • miR-99b was found to enhance SPACA6-AS1 pre-mRNA levels via base pairing at the 5' splice junction.
  • Some miRNAs showed opposing nuclear vs. cytoplasmic regulatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear miRNAs possess diverse and context-dependent functions in gene regulation.
  • These findings expand the known regulatory roles of miRNAs beyond the cytoplasm.
  • Nuclear miRNAs represent potential targets for understanding and treating brain cancers.