Anandamide Alters Glycolytic Activity in Streptococcus mutans: Metabolomics and Stable Isotope Labeling Study

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biochemistry
• Oral Health

Background:

• Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a primary cause of dental caries.
• Previous studies demonstrated anandamide (AEA) possesses antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against S. mutans.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the metabolic effects of AEA on S. mutans using metabolomics.
• To elucidate the mechanism of action of AEA against S. mutans.

Main Methods:

• S. mutans cultures were treated with AEA at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations.
• Metabolomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
• Changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways were assessed.

Main Results:

• AEA treatment significantly disrupted glycolytic flux in S. mutans.
• Key indicators included reduced glucose uptake, suppressed glycolytic intermediates, decreased acid production, NAD+/NADH imbalance, and lower ATP production.
• These disruptions led to metabolic stress and impaired cellular function.

Conclusions:

• AEA disrupts carbohydrate metabolism in S. mutans, impacting energy production and redox balance.
• The findings elucidate AEA's antimicrobial mechanism of action.
• AEA shows potential as a novel therapeutic agent against S. mutans-associated dental caries.