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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Prunus mume Extract Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Infection In Vitro by Directly Targeting Viral Particles.

Mizuki Tokusanai¹, Koichiro Tateishi¹, Kanako Hirata^1,2

¹Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|September 13, 2025

Summary

Extracts from pickled plum (Prunus mume) showed direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. These findings support the development of Prunus mume components as potential antiviral agents or dietary products for infection prevention.

Keywords:

Prunus mume SARS-CoV-2 Umeboshi antiviral activity influenza virus viral inactivation virucidal mechanism

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Published on: August 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Phytochemistry
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus cause significant respiratory illness.
Viral mutations limit the effectiveness of current antiviral drugs and vaccines.
Prunus mume (umeboshi) components possess known antimicrobial properties, but their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza is unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the antiviral activity of Prunus mume extracts against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.
To identify specific extracts with inhibitory effects on viral replication.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antiviral action of effective extracts.

Main Methods:

Cytopathic effect (CPE) assays and RT-qPCR were used to screen eight Prunus mume extracts for antiviral activity.
Time-of-addition assays, plaque assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to confirm and characterize the antiviral mechanisms.
Virion integrity and infectivity assays were conducted to further assess the mode of action.

Main Results:

Four of eight tested Prunus mume extracts (PM2, PM3, PM4, and PM6) inhibited the replication of both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.
Extract PM2 demonstrated direct inactivation of viral particles by disrupting their structural integrity.
Evidence suggests PM2's antiviral activity may involve additional mechanisms beyond direct virion disruption.

Conclusions:

Prunus mume-derived components exhibit direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses.
Extract PM2 shows significant potential as a direct antiviral agent.
These findings support the exploration of Prunus mume components for developing new antiviral therapies or preventative dietary products.