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CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System

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Morphogenetic Factors as a Tool for Enhancing Plant Regeneration Capacity During In Vitro Transformation.

Semyon D Bakulin¹, Sokrat G Monakhos¹, Sergey A Bruskin²

¹Department of Molecular Breeding, Cell and Seed Technology, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127550 Moscow, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|September 13, 2025

Summary

Morphogenetic factors (MTFs) enhance plant regeneration and genetic stability in crops like rice and soybean. Utilizing MTFs offers a promising avenue for developing improved cultivars and advancing agricultural biotechnology.

Keywords:

BABY BOOM GRF-GIF WUSCHEL embryogenesis meristem formation morphogenetic transcription factors organogenesis tissue culture transformation

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Area of Science:

Plant Science
Developmental Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Morphogenetic factors (MTFs) are crucial plant genes and transcription factors regulating embryogenesis and organogenesis.
Understanding MTFs is key to advancing plant development regulation, biotechnology, and breeding strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the functions of MTFs in plant development.
To explore their applications in plant biotechnology and modern breeding.
To discuss challenges and successes in crop transformation and regeneration using MTFs.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on MTF functions and applications.
Analysis of case studies in rice, soybean, rapeseed, and tomato.
Exploration of genetic construct design principles and synergistic effects with phytohormones.

Main Results:

Successful utilization of MTFs (e.g., WUCHEL, BABY BOOM, GRF-GIF) improved regeneration and transgene stability in various crops.
Optimized genetic constructs and phytohormone combinations enhance in vitro morphogenesis.
Identified limitations in MTF expression and proposed strategies for improvement.

Conclusions:

MTFs hold significant potential for developing stress-resistant, high-yielding crop varieties.
Novel morphogen discovery and application to recalcitrant species are key future directions.
Integrating MTFs with genome editing offers new opportunities for agriculture and food security.