Heart Failure and Stroke: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology and Neurology
• Geriatric Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• The global aging population is experiencing a rise in heart failure (HF) cases, termed the HF pandemic.
• HF is significantly linked to both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, exacerbating the global burden of cerebrovascular disease.
• Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with HF, increasing the risk of ischemic stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the pathophysiological and clinical interrelationship between heart failure and stroke.
• To provide updated insights for future research and clinical management of these interconnected conditions.
• To highlight the importance of understanding the HF-stroke connection in the context of a growing elderly population.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current research on HF and stroke.
• Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms linking cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
• Examination of clinical data and epidemiological trends.

Main Results:

• Heart failure and stroke share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways.
• The prevalence of both conditions is increasing globally, particularly in aging populations.
• Effective management of HF, including "Fantastic Four" therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), may impact stroke risk.

Conclusions:

• A deeper understanding of the interplay between HF and stroke is essential for improving patient care.
• Further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.
• Integrated clinical management strategies are crucial for addressing the dual burden of HF and stroke.