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Optimizing Performance Nutrition for Adolescent Athletes: A Review of Dietary Needs, Risks, and Practical Strategies
1Department of Family Medicine, HSC L-3, 086, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-8036, USA.
Adolescent athletes need specific nutrition for growth and sports. This review covers energy, nutrients, hydration, and supplements to support young athletes
Area of Science:
- Sports Nutrition
- Adolescent Physiology
- Exercise Science
Background:
- Adolescent athletes experience concurrent demands of growth, development, and athletic training.
- Unique nutritional requirements must be met to support physiological maturation and optimize sports performance.
- Potential risks include low energy availability (LEA), impacting health and athletic outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current evidence on nutritional strategies for adolescent athletes.
- To address energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient needs (iron, calcium, vitamin D).
- To evaluate hydration, supplements, and practical implementation for performance and well-being.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed studies.
- Synthesis of evidence on nutritional requirements and risks.
- Evaluation of ergogenic aids and practical nutrition guidance.
Main Results:
- Optimal energy and macronutrient intake, timing, and quality are crucial.
- Adequate hydration and key micronutrients (iron, calcium, vitamin D) are essential.
- Dietary supplements require careful consideration, with a food-first approach recommended.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent athletes require tailored nutrition plans balancing growth, development, and training.
- Addressing low energy availability and optimizing nutrient intake supports health and performance.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration and education are vital for fostering healthy eating habits.
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