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Body:Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Body:In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
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Mechanical and Controlled PRP Injections in Patients Affected by Androgenetic Alopecia
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Biologic-Induced Paradoxical Psoriatic Alopecia: A Systematic Review.

Yaron Gu1,2, Deshan F Sebaratnam1,2, Mani Makhija3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.

The Australasian Journal of Dermatology
|September 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paradoxical psoriatic alopecia, often linked to TNF-alpha inhibitors, is more common in young women. Most patients achieve remission, even while continuing biologic therapy.

Keywords:
alopeciabiological productspsoriasistumour necrosis factor‐alpha

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Psoriatic alopecia is a known complication of psoriasis vulgaris.
  • Biologic therapies, particularly TNF-alpha inhibitors, are effective for psoriasis but can rarely induce paradoxical alopecia.

Conclusions:

  • Paradoxical psoriatic alopecia is a recognized adverse effect of biologic therapy, particularly TNF-alpha inhibitors.
  • The condition predominantly affects younger females and presents with a unique inflammatory infiltrate.
  • Management is often successful, with many patients achieving remission while maintaining their biologic treatment.