Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

70.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
70.0K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.5K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.5K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

8.2K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
8.2K
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

771
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
771
Solubility03:00

Solubility

20.9K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
20.9K
Introduction to Chemical Bonds01:01

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

10.9K
Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lenacapavir-induced lattice hyperstabilization is central to HIV-1 capsid failure at the nuclear pore complex and in the cytoplasm.

eLife·2026
Same author

Systematic bottom-up coarse-graining of hydrated excess proton transport across scales.

Nature computational science·2026
Same author

Mechanism of HIV-1 Capsid Rupture and Uncoating by Reverse Transcription.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Physical Confinement Modulates the Rate-Limiting Transition in the Release of Phosphate from Actin Filaments.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Hydration-Controlled Proton Transport in Respiratory Complex I.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into lenacapavir-induced off-pathway HIV-1 capsid assembly.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

9.4K

Hydrated Protons at the Water-Air and Water-Oil Interfaces: Structure and Dynamics.

Sijia Chen1, Gregory A Voth1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The hydrated excess proton shows slight preference for interfaces. Its structure and mobility are significantly altered by interfaces, impacting chemical and biological processes.

More Related Videos

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

13.3K
Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices
09:31

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

Published on: March 27, 2019

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

9.4K
Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

13.3K
Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices
09:31

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

Published on: March 27, 2019

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • The behavior of the hydrated excess proton at interfaces is crucial for many chemical and biological processes.
  • Understanding interfacial proton behavior is essential for fields like electrochemistry and biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure and dynamics of hydrated excess protons at water-air and water-cyclohexane interfaces.
  • To elucidate how interfacial environments influence proton solvation, thermodynamics, and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Multistate Empirical Valence Bond (MS-EVB) simulations were employed.
  • Analysis included free energy profiles, radial distribution functions, and joint probability distributions.
  • Proton dynamics were assessed using hydronium identity correlation and decomposed lateral diffusion coefficients.

Main Results:

  • The hydrated excess proton exhibits a modest affinity for hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces (~0.3 kcal/mol).
  • Proton transfer is hindered at interfaces due to reduced presolvation by water molecules.
  • Interfacial environments significantly modulate proton mobility, favoring a Zundel-like structure and altering hopping kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial effects profoundly impact the thermodynamics, solvation, and transport of hydrated excess protons.
  • The study clarifies key factors governing proton mobility in heterogeneous environments.
  • Findings provide a foundation for understanding proton behavior in complex interfacial systems.