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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Olfactory Imprinting to Amino Acids is Unpredictable but Specific.

Arash Shahriari1, Keith B Tierney2,3, Dustin Doty1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.

Journal of Chemical Ecology
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Animals imprint on complex olfactory cues, even when individual components elicit different reactions. Zebrafish imprinted to a mixture of amino acids responded only to the mixture, not individual parts, showing imprinting treats cues as unique objects.

Keywords:
Amino acidBehaviourImprintingOlfactionZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Olfactory Learning
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Olfactory imprinting influences later-life responses to early-life cues.
  • Responses to complex olfactory mixtures can be complicated by individual odorant effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how dissimilar odorant responses within a mixture affect olfactory imprinting.
  • To determine if imprinted animals respond to mixture constituents individually.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish were developmentally exposed to specific amino acids (L-leucine, L-lysine, L-valine) or a control (β-phenylethyl alcohol).
  • Adult zebrafish preference responses to these chemicals and their mixtures were measured.

Main Results:

  • Imprinting occurred for β-phenylethyl alcohol, L-leucine, and L-lysine, but not L-valine.
  • L-leucine and L-lysine evoked attraction and avoidance, respectively.
  • Fish imprinted to an L-leucine and L-lysine mixture responded only to the mixture, not individual amino acids.
  • The imprinting response to the mixture was influenced by the aversive amino acid, indicating differential weighting of constituents.

Conclusions:

  • An olfactory imprinting cue is perceived as a unique entity, irrespective of its complexity.
  • Individual components of an imprinted olfactory mixture can have varying importance, particularly in species using chemical profiles for navigation.