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Advancing glioblastoma therapy with surface-modified nanoparticles.

Giorgia De Rosa1, Marco Zeppieri2,3, Caterina Gagliano4,5

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|September 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Surface-modified nanoparticles offer a promising new approach for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment by improving drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and targeting tumor cells. Further research is needed to address toxicity and scalability for clinical application.

Keywords:
Brain-blood barrierGlioblastomaSurface modified nanoparticlesTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with poor treatment outcomes.
  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor heterogeneity present significant therapeutic challenges.
  • Surface-modified nanoparticles (NPs) offer a novel strategy for targeted GBM therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in surface-modified NPs for GBM treatment.
  • To explore NP strategies for overcoming the BBB and targeting glioblastoma cells.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential and clinical relevance of these nanocarriers.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major medical databases.
  • Analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies on surface-modified NPs for GBM.
  • Focus on diverse surface modification techniques and their impact on efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in NP customization for GBM targeting over the past decade.
  • Surface modifications enhance NP stability, biocompatibility, and specificity.
  • Receptor-mediated and dual-targeting strategies show promise for improved drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Preclinical studies demonstrate translational potential for enhanced GBM treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-modified NPs represent a breakthrough in GBM therapy, addressing key treatment challenges.
  • Innovative surface engineering improves treatment accuracy and reduces side effects.
  • Challenges remain in NP toxicity, scalable manufacturing, and clinical translation.