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A Real-time Potency Assay for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Solid and Hematological Cancer Cells

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Published on: November 12, 2019

CAR-T cells in solid tumors: Challenges and breakthroughs.

Giulia Escobar¹, Trisha R Berger², Marcela V Maus¹

¹Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Cell Reports. Medicine

|September 13, 2025

Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows promise for solid tumors but faces challenges like trafficking and the tumor microenvironment. Advanced strategies are emerging to improve CAR-T cell efficacy and overcome these obstacles for better cancer treatment.

Keywords:

CAR-T cells CRISPR-screens armored CAR-T cells solid tumors tumor microenvironment

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A Spheroid Killing Assay by CAR T Cells

A Spheroid Killing Assay by CAR T Cells

Published on: December 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Biotechnology

Background:

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed hematologic malignancy treatment.
Significant challenges limit CAR-T cell efficacy in solid tumors, including trafficking, persistence, antigen loss, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent clinical trial insights in advanced solid tumors.
To highlight innovative strategies for enhancing CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.
To examine preclinical models for CAR-T cell therapy assessment.

Main Methods:

Review of recent clinical trial data in advanced solid tumors.
Analysis of synthetic biology and gene engineering strategies.
Evaluation of preclinical models (xenografts, humanized, syngeneic).

Main Results:

CAR-T cell therapy faces hurdles in solid tumors: poor trafficking, limited persistence, antigen escape, and immunosuppressive TME.
Emerging strategies involve enhancing CAR-T cell fitness, activating host immunity, reprogramming the TME, and multi-antigen targeting.
Preclinical models have varying strengths and weaknesses for efficacy and safety assessment.

Conclusions:

Next-generation CAR-T cell therapies integrating advanced engineering show potential to overcome solid tumor challenges.
These cutting-edge approaches are poised to significantly alter the treatment landscape for solid tumors.