Recent Advances on Transition Metal Sulfides for Key Components of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), renowned for their cost-effectiveness and high energy density, stand out as highly promising energy storage solutions with substantial application potential. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect-caused by the migration of polysulfides between cathode and anode-severely hampers their practical implementation. Extensive research has demonstrated that transition metal sulfide (TMS) catalysts can effectively mitigate this shuttle phenomenon. In LSBs, the cathode, anode, and separator represent pivotal components, and their properties play a decisive role in determining the electrochemical performance. As such, current mainstream modification strategies mainly target these three key areas. Therefore, this review focuses on the latest advances in the application of TMSs in key components of LSBs. It systematically analyzes the core issues currently faced, deeply elaborates on the roles and shortcomings of different TMS modification methods and their application approaches in various LSB components, and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes potential solutions and research directions, hoping to provide references for researchers in related fields.