Cancer pain experiences in adult patients with cancer: A qualitative meta-ethnography

Cancer pain is a major symptom that significantly affects patients' quality of life and overall well-being. An integrated understanding of the multidimensional aspects of cancer pain based on patients' lived experiences is necessary prior to pain management. The purpose of this meta-synthesis is to systematically compile and interpret qualitative research on cancer pain, thereby providing a synthesized understanding of the challenges and nuances of pain as experienced by adult patients with cancer.

A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted using seven phases of meta-ethnography. A comprehensive search across seven databases, culminating in December 2023. Quality appraisal of 22 studies was conducted using the CASP checklist, with data extraction emphasizing participant quotes and primary data for generating new insights through meta-ethnography.

122 first codes were identified and classified from the included studies. These findings were aggregated into 40 s codes and subsequently condensed into 13 sub-themes. From these 13 sub-themes, five synthesized themes were developed: 'Intricate Nature with Wide Spectrum of Expressions,' 'Harsh Realities,' 'Destroyer of Myself and My Life,' 'Searching for Freedom from Pain with a Journey of Resilience,' and 'Vitality of Spirituality and Reflection' on the cancer pain experience.

This research supports various features of cancer pain experiences encompassing from deteriorating impact on life and positive coping with spirituality and resilience. Changes improve access to comprehensive care services, ensuring that psychosocial and spiritual support, are integral to manage cancer pain. These promise to enhance patient care and foster a more empathetic healthcare environment.