The cognitive survivorship model: Bridging neuro-oncology and neurology

Cognitive impairment is a prevalent yet often overlooked consequence of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, substantially impacting the quality of life, daily functioning, and emotional well-being of affected individuals. Despite differing pathologies, both groups exhibit similar cognitive and psychological symptoms, including memory loss, attention deficits, depression, anxiety, and caregiver strain, which frequently persist long after the initial treatment. These symptoms are attributed to shared biological mechanisms, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and white matter disruption. However, cognitive health has seldom been systematically addressed in cancer or neurology survivorship care, resulting in gaps in long-term support for patients. Recent advances in neuroscience and rehabilitation science, including evidence for non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive training, mindfulness, and physical activity, underscore the potential for a unified interdisciplinary model. Digital health technologies and telehealth tools have enhanced access and scalability, particularly in remote and underserved populations. In this Opinion article, we propose a Cognitive Survivorship Model (CSM) that integrates oncology and neurology to reframe survivorship from a cognitive health perspective. The model encompasses pillars such as routine cognitive screening, cognitive rehabilitation, psychological support, lifestyle interventions, and caregiver training, supported by digital delivery and policy advocacy. By bridging neuro-oncology and neurology, this model offers a roadmap for person-centred, scalable, and interdisciplinary post-treatment care. We advocate for clinical adoption, policy reform, and further research to validate and implement this model across diverse healthcare systems. Cognitive survivorship must be recognised not as a specialty niche but as a critical component of comprehensive post-diagnosis care.